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  2. Ribosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

    Ribosomes are compositionally heterogeneous between species and even within the same cell, as evidenced by the existence of cytoplasmic and mitochondria ribosomes within the same eukaryotic cells. Certain researchers have suggested that heterogeneity in the composition of ribosomal proteins in mammals is important for gene regulation, i.e ...

  3. Eukaryotic ribosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_ribosome

    Initial structures of eukaryotic ribosomes were determined by electron microscopy. First 3D structures were obtained at 30–40 Å resolution for yeast [5] and mammalian ribosomes. [6] [7] Higher resolution structures of the yeast ribosome by cryo-electron microscopy allowed the identification of protein and RNA structural elements. [8]

  4. Ribosome biogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome_biogenesis

    Ribosomes are the macromolecular machines that are responsible for mRNA translation into proteins. The eukaryotic ribosome, also called the 80S ribosome, is made up of two subunits – the large 60S subunit (which contains the 25S [in plants] or 28S [in mammals], 5.8S, and 5S rRNA and 46 ribosomal proteins) and a small 40S subunit (which contains the 18S rRNA and 33 ribosomal proteins). [6]

  5. Outline of cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cell_biology

    Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.

  6. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself is produced by fusion of two gametes, each having been produced by meiotic cell division. [5] [6] After growth from the zygote to the adult, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. [7]

  7. Macromolecular assembly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecular_assembly

    Virus structures were among the first studied MAs; other biologic examples include ribosomes (partial image above), proteasomes, and translation complexes (with protein and nucleic acid components), procaryotic and eukaryotic transcription complexes, and nuclear and other biological pores that allow material passage between cells and cellular ...

  8. Cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

    Ribosomes: Functions to translate RNA to protein. it serves as a site of protein synthesis. [23] Cytoskeleton: Cytoskeleton is a structure that helps to maintain the shape and general organization of the cytoplasm. It anchors organelles within the cells and makes up the structure and stability of the cell.

  9. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    The cytoskeleton acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape; anchors organelles in place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by a cell, and cytokinesis, the separation of daughter cells after cell division; and moves parts of the cell in processes of growth and mobility.