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The secularization movement began in the 1770s. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1768 from all of the Spanish Empire's colonies including the Philippines, the Spanish monarchy issued a royal decree in 1774 to fill vacant clergy posts in parishes with seculars. [4]
The Philippines became a Spanish colony in 1565, following the Magellan expedition's stopover in the islands in 1521. Religion played a significant role in the colony's governance. Due to the distance of the Philippines from the Iberian Peninsula, Spain had to rely on network of parishes and monastic orders for governance of the archipelago. [3]
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
Varela would then retire from politics but his nationalism was carried on by another Creole, one Pedro Peláez, who campaigned for the rights of Filipino priests (Creoles, Mestizos and Indios) and pressed for secularization of Philippine parishes. [1] He reasoned out the same point Sancho had, friars are for missions on areas that are still pagan.
Before the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, the Philippines was split into numerous barangays, small states that were linked through region-wide trade networks. [1]: 26–27 The name "barangay" is thought to come from the word balangay, which refers to boats used by the Austronesian people to reach the Philippines. [2]
Travel to the Philippines from Spain became easier due to the Suez Canal. An increase of Peninsulares from the Iberian Peninsula threatened the secularization of the Philippine churches. In state affairs, the Criollos, known locally as Insulares (lit. "islanders") were displaced from government positions by the Peninsulares , whom the Insulares ...
The Philippines said it was using an entitlement under the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea to establish the outer limits of its continental shelf, comprising the seabed and subsoil of the ...
Peterson, Don (2007), 1898: Five Philippine Governors-General Serve Rapid Fire Terms (PDF), Philippine Philatelic Journal. Ricarte, Artemio (1926), The Hispano-Philippine Revolution, Yokohama {}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher This book was published by Ricarte himself, includes his memoirs on the Philippine Revolution.