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[6] [7] [a] The parentheses can be omitted if the input is a single numerical variable or constant, [2] as in the case of sin x = sin(x) and sin π = sin(π). [a] Traditionally this convention extends to monomials; thus, sin 3x = sin(3x) and even sin 1 / 2 xy = sin(xy/2), but sin x + y = sin(x) + y, because x + y is not a monomial ...
In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted b n, is an operation involving two numbers: the base, b, and the exponent or power, n. [1] When n is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, b n is the product of multiplying n bases: [1] = ⏟.
x 1 = x; x 2 = x 2 for i = k - 2 to 0 do if n i = 0 then x 2 = x 1 * x 2; x 1 = x 1 2 else x 1 = x 1 * x 2; x 2 = x 2 2 return x 1 The algorithm performs a fixed sequence of operations ( up to log n ): a multiplication and squaring takes place for each bit in the exponent, regardless of the bit's specific value.
The 2nd-order super-root, square super-root, or super square root has two equivalent notations, () and . It is the inverse of 2 x = x x {\displaystyle ^{2}x=x^{x}} and can be represented with the Lambert W function : [ 18 ]
The sequence starts with a unary operation (the successor function with n = 0), and continues with the binary operations of addition (n = 1), multiplication (n = 2), exponentiation (n = 3), tetration (n = 4), pentation (n = 5), etc. Various notations have been used to represent hyperoperations.
Exponentiation with Montgomery reduction O ( M ( n ) k ) {\displaystyle O(M(n)\,k)} On stronger computational models, specifically a pointer machine and consequently also a unit-cost random-access machine it is possible to multiply two n -bit numbers in time O ( n ).
The plus–minus sign, ±, is used as a shorthand notation for two expressions written as one, representing one expression with a plus sign, the other with a minus sign. For example, y = x ± 1 represents the two equations y = x + 1 and y = x − 1. Sometimes, it is used for denoting a positive-or-negative term such as ±x.
In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and logarithm. [2] The term arithmetic has its root in the Latin term arithmetica which derives from the Ancient Greek words ἀριθμός ( arithmos ), meaning ' number ' , and ἀριθμητική τέχνη ( arithmetike tekhne ), meaning ' the art of counting ' .