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Petroleum [a] is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture. It consists mainly of hydrocarbons, [1] and is found in geological formations. The term petroleum refers both to naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil, as well as to petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil.
Crude oil map Main features of some qualities of crude oil Density and sulfur content of crude oils. In the international petroleum industry, crude oil products are traded on various oil bourses based on established chemical profiles, delivery locations, and financial terms. The chemical profiles, or crude oil assays, specify important ...
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. [1] Most petroleum is converted into petroleum products, which include several classes of fuels. [2]
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Crude can refer to: Crude oil or simply crude, the unprocessed form of petroleum; Crude, an Australian documentary about the geology and economics of crude oil; Crude, an American documentary about oil companies and lawsuits in Ecuador; Crude, by Bongshang, 1993; Crude, a comic book series by Steve Orlando and Garry Brown
Upstream regards exploration and extraction of crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and storage of crude, and downstream concerns refining crude oil into various end products. Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical ...
The United States also became a net petroleum exporter in 2020, for the first time since at least 1949. [4] U.S. crude oil exports reached a record high in the first half of 2023. [5] U.S. oil production reached a record high in October 2023. [6]
The hot crude oil is then passed into a distillation column that allows the separation of the crude oil into different fractions depending on the difference in volatility. The pressure at the top is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm [ 2 ] so that the distillation can be carried out at close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it is known as the ...