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Phi (/ f aɪ /; [1] uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ pheî; Modern Greek: φι fi) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ( [pʰ] ), which was the origin of its usual romanization as ph .
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. [2] [3] It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, [4] and is the earliest known alphabetic script to have developed distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. [5]
This is a list of letters of the Greek alphabet. The definition of a Greek letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode standard that a has script property of "Greek" and the general category of "Letter". An overview of the distribution of Greek letters is given in Greek script in Unicode.
The OpenType font format has the feature tag "mgrk" ("Mathematical Greek") to identify a glyph as representing a Greek letter to be used in mathematical (as opposed to Greek language) contexts. The table below shows a comparison of Greek letters rendered in TeX and HTML. The font used in the TeX rendering is an italic style.
Other manufacturers used Control-X for this purpose. 10 Control-X was commonly used to cancel a line of input typed in at the terminal. 11 Control-Z has commonly been used on minicomputers, Windows and DOS systems to indicate "end of file" either on a terminal or in a text file. Unix / Linux systems use Control-D to indicate end-of-file at a ...
By 1910, inventor Mark Barr began using the Greek letter phi ( ) as a symbol for the golden ratio. [32] [e] It has also been represented by tau ( ), the first letter of the ancient Greek τομή ('cut' or 'section'). [35] Dan Shechtman demonstrates quasicrystals at the NIST in 1985 using a Zometoy model.
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All forms of the Greek alphabet were originally based on the shared inventory of the 22 symbols of the Phoenician alphabet, with the exception of the letter Samekh, whose Greek counterpart Xi (Ξ) was used only in a subgroup of Greek alphabets, and with the common addition of Upsilon (Υ) for the vowel /u, ū/.