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HCMV antiviral drug resistance can be detected by phenotypic or by genotypic drug resistance testing. Phenotypic resistance testing involves cultivation of the virus in cell culture and testing its susceptibility using different antiviral drug concentrations in order to determine EC50 values.
Cidofovir (CDV) does not require initial phosphorylation for its antiviral action. Further phosphorylation to the triphosphate form of GCV and CDV is performed by cellular kinases. The nucleoside-triphosphate-analogues compete with the cellular nucleotide triphosphates at the viral polymerase pUL54 and are incorporated into the viral DNA.
The most studied is Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is also known as Human betaherpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). Other primate CMV species include Chimpanzee cytomegalovirus (CCMV) that infects chimpanzees and orangutans , and Simian cytomegalovirus (SCCMV) and Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) that infect macaques ; CCMV is known as both Panine beta ...
List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...
Congenital HCMV infection occurs when the mother has a primary infection (or reactivation) during pregnancy. Due to the lower seroprevalence of HCMV in industrialized countries and higher socioeconomic groups, congenital infections are actually less common in poorer communities, where more women of child-bearing age are already seropositive.
In the past nucleic acid tests have mainly been used as a secondary test to confirm positive serological results. [3] However, as they become cheaper and more automated, they are increasingly becoming the primary tool for diagnostics and can also be use for monitoring of treatment of viral infected individuals t.
National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) [1] [2] (Bengali: জাতীয় বক্ষব্যাধি ইনস্টিটিউট ও হাসপাতাল) is a state supported research institute and hospital in Bangladesh. [3] [4] It was established in 1955 as TB Hospital.
The admission process includes a written test, followed by a viva and a final medical examination. Admission is highly competitive in Bangladesh, with only a few students being selected. [26] Every student receives a stipend from the Graduate Nursing Department, which is staffed by renowned teachers. [27] [28]