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Al-Idrisi's work was a significant departure from the "Atlas of Islam" tradition that preceded his work. [6] Al-Idrisi also derived map-making methods from the Balkhi school of Geography, a school which was founded during the 10th century in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate. [7]
Al-Idrisi hailed from the Hammudid dynasty of North Africa and Al-Andalus, which was descended from Muhammad through the powerful Idrisid dynasty. [1] [2] Al-Idrisi was believed to be born the city of Ceuta in 1100, at the time controlled by the Almoravids, where his great-grandfather had been forced to settle after the fall of Hammudid Málaga to the Zirids of Granada. [3]
Notable features include the correct dual sources of the Nile, the coast of Ghana and mentions of Norway. Climate zones were a chief organizational principle. A second and shortened copy from 1192 called Garden of Joys is known by scholars as the Little Idrisi. [24] On the work of al-Idrisi, S. P. Scott commented: [23]
T and O map from a 12th-century copy of Etymologiae. The medieval T and O maps originate with the description of the world in the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville (died 636). This qualitative and conceptual type of medieval cartography represents only the top-half of a spherical Earth. [20]
The detailed information on the southeastern coast of Africa, was likely brought by an Ethiopian embassy to Rome in the 1430s. Fra Mauro also probably relied on Arab sources. Arab influence is suggested by the north-south inversion of the map, an Arab tradition exemplified by the 12th-century maps of Muhammad al-Idrisi.
English: Tabula Rogeriana Muhammad al-Idrisi map of Syria, Palestine, Sinai. North is towards the bottom of the map, the island partly shown on the bottom right is Cyprus, the Arabian Peninsula is toward the top-left, the Red Sea is on the top, Palestine is in the center with the Jordan River flowing strangely to Sinai shown on the right.
In addition there is a detailed description of a nautical Arab map of the Mediterranean in the Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umari, written between 1330 and 1348. [19] There are also descriptions limited to smaller geographic regions, in a work of Ibn Sa'id al Maghribi (13th century) and even in the work of Al-Idrisi (12th ...
From the 14th century, local writers began to portray the Idrisids as the starting point of an Islamic Maghrib al-Aqsa ("Furthest West", corresponding to present-day Morocco [29]). [ 5 ] : 81 Both the Marinid dynasty (13th – 15th centuries) and the Wattasid dynasty (15th – 16th centuries) attempted at times to associate themselves with the ...