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Graphic design is the practice of combining text with images and concepts, most often for advertisements, publications, or websites.The history of graphic design is frequently traced from the onset of moveable-type printing in the 15th century, yet earlier developments and technologies related to writing and printing can be considered as parts of the longer history of communication.
Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. ISBN 1-57912-023-7. Hollis, Richard. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920–1965. Yale University Press: 2006. ISBN 0-300-10676-9. Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.:
Armin Hofmann, Poster for Kunsthalle Basel, 1959. Swiss style (also Swiss school or Swiss design) is a trend in graphic design, formed in the 1950s–1960s under the influence of such phenomena as the International Typographic Style, Russian Constructivism, the tradition of the Bauhaus school, the International Style, and classical modernism.
The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers.
Since Impressionism the modern art styles were reflected in graphic design and typography too. Around 1890 Art Nouveau became popular. Its floral ornaments, the curved forms, as well as the emphasis on graphical realisation inspired the type designers of the start of the 20th century.
Graphic design is a profession, [2] academic discipline [3] [4] [5] and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. [6] Graphic design is an interdisciplinary branch of design [1] and of the fine arts.
The History of Graphic Design, Volume 1 explores the development of graphic design from the end of the 19th Century to the end of the 1950s. [6] It covers historically significant design styles like Futurism and the New Typography, and includes biographies of designers such as Henry van de Velde, Karel Teige, and James Pryde and William Nicholson.
Three logos: NASA, IBM by Paul Rand and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Coat of arms of the Chiswick Press. A logo (abbreviation of logotype; [1] from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) ' word, speech ' and τύπος (túpos) ' mark, imprint ') is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.