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Cancer in adolescents and young adults is cancer which occurs in those between the ages of 15 and 39. [1] This occurs in about 70,000 people a year in the United States—accounting for about 5 percent of cancers. This is about six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 0–14. [1]
Adolescent and young adult oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients aged 16–40. Studies have continuously shown that while pediatric cancer survival rates have gone up, the survival rate for adolescents and young adults has remained stagnant.
In the United States, an arbitrarily adopted standard of the ages used are 0–14 years inclusive, that is, up to 14 years 11.9 months of age. [7] [8] However, the definition of childhood cancer sometimes includes adolescents between 15 and 19 years old. [8]
This category includes pediatric cancers, (including benign neoplasms) in fetuses, infants, children, teens, and young adults. Note that most pediatric cancers are also rare cancers: see Category:Rare cancers.
Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for 29% of cancers in children aged 0–14 in 2018. [1] There are multiple forms of leukemia that occur in children, the most common being acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [ 2 ]
In 2008, childhood cancer and cancer in adolescents was rare, at about 150 cases per million yearly in the US. In 2008, leukemia, usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was the most common cancer in children aged 1–14 in the U.S., followed by the central nervous system cancers, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [20]
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cancer are different than benign tumors , which do not spread.
Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. [1] While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. [1] Over 100 types of cancers affect humans. [7] Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. [2]