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Other adverse effects may include nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, warmth or hot flashes. [50] [43] [20] When used inside the vagina, misoprostol tends to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects. [6] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen reduce pain with medication abortion.
Misoprostol is recommended due to its cost, effectiveness, stability, and low rate of side effects. [50] Oxytocin must also be given by injection, while misprostol can be given orally or rectally for this use, making it much more useful in areas where nurses and physicians are less available.
A common side effect of prostaglandin E 2 is its effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle resulting in nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Other side effects include headache, shivering, and chills. [4] The suppository form of prostaglandin E 2 is associated with increased severity of these symptoms.
When injected into the penis for erectile dysfunction; side effects may include penile pain, bleeding at the site of injection, and prolonged erection (priapism). [2] Prostaglandin E 1 was isolated in 1957 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. [2] [6] Misoprostol has various obstetric uses.
Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. [6] [9] It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops.
Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are used in treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers. [2] Misoprostol and other prostaglandin analogues protect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract from harmful stomach acid and are especially indicated for the elderly on continuous doses of NSAIDs .
Other less common side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, and fever. [37] Pelvic inflammatory disease is a very rare but serious complication. [38] Excessive bleeding and incomplete termination of a pregnancy require further intervention by a doctor (such as a repeat dose of misoprostol or a vacuum aspiration).
This treatment avoids the possible side effects and complications of medications and surgery, [129] but increases the risk of mild bleeding, the need for unplanned surgical treatment, and incomplete miscarriage. Medical treatment usually consists of using misoprostol (a prostaglandin) alone or in combination with mifepristone pre-treatment. [130]