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The earliest extant records seem to place Ali before Abu Bakr, according to the Islamicist Robert Gleave. [4] Nevertheless, the Sunni–Shia disagreement over this matter has an obvious polemical dimension, [ 17 ] [ 4 ] and Abu Bakr's status after the death of Muhammad might have been reflected back into the early Islamic records.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th ...
One account in Tabari says that the first male convert was Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali was indeed one of the first persons to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam. [7] Later Abu Bakr followed.
One of these is the splitting of the Moon, which according to earliest available tafsir compilations is a literal splitting of the Moon. [ 338 ] The sunnah represents the actions and sayings of Muhammad preserved in hadith and covers a broad array of activities and beliefs ranging from religious rituals, personal hygiene, and burial of the dead ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
Qutham ibn al-ʿAbbās (Arabic: قثم بن العباس), approximately born in 624 in Medina and died in 677 in Samarkand, was an Arab statesman and preacher.He served as the leader of Mecca during the reign of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and was one of the participants in the Arab Caliphate's conquest of Central Asia.