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Incarceration prevention refers to a variety of methods aimed at reducing prison populations and costs while fostering enhanced social structures. Due to the nature of incarceration in the United States today caused by issues leading to increased incarceration rates, there are methods aimed at preventing the incarceration of at-risk populations.
On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail. [7] [8] Total U.S. incarceration peaked in 2008. [5] The U.S. incarceration rate was the highest in the world in 2008. [4] It is no longer the highest rate. [9] The United States has one of the highest rates of female incarceration. [10]
Opponents of decarceration include think tanks that assert mass decarceration would release violent criminals back onto the streets [12] to re-offend; law enforcement organizations that argue drug decriminalization and legalization will escalate crime; [13] [14] prison guard unions that seek to preserve jobs and economic security; [15] "tough on crime" lawmakers responding to public concerns ...
But American prison stays are much longer, so the total incarceration rate is higher." The number of incarcerated individuals in U.S. jails and prisons jumped 500% in the three decades following the implementation of tougher sentencing laws associated with the War on Drugs and the "tough on crime" movement. [ 129 ]
Academic studies are inconclusive as to whether high imprisonment rates reduce crime rates in comparison to low imprisonment rates. [1] While they at least remove offenders from the community, [1] [2] [3] there is little evidence that prisons can rehabilitate offenders [4] [5] or deter crime. [3]
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Infectious diseases within American correctional settings are a concern within the public health sector. The corrections population is susceptible to infectious diseases through exposure to blood and other bodily fluids, drug injection, poor health care, prison overcrowding, demographics, security issues, lack of community support for rehabilitation programs, and high-risk behaviors. [1]