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Categorical grants and other grants provide a way for the federal government to work cooperatively with the states and still get a broader national outcome. This outlines the basic idea of cooperative federalism where the states and the federal government work cooperatively and equally to achieve something bigger than either can do alone.
Most grants have a term of one year (although some may have a longer lifespan, even indefinitely), and the recipient must use the assistance within that timeframe. This is done because federal assistance is tied to the federal government's budget process, and any funds not used by a recipient within the specified time limit reverts to other uses.
Block grants have less oversight from the larger government and provide flexibility to each subsidiary government body in terms of designing and implementing programs. [1]: 9 Block grants, categorical grants, and general revenue sharing are three types of federal government grants-in-aid programs. [2] [Notes 1]
President Reagan had requested the consolidation of 85 existing anti-poverty grants into seven categorical grants; Congress agreed to consolidate 77 grants into nine. The nine new block grants were budgeted about 25% less than the programs they replaced (Conlan, qtd. in [2]). The CSBG legislation was amended in 1998 by the Coats Human Services ...
For example, one-for-one matching grant for some specific purpose would provide $1 of funding from a higher level for each $1 paid by lower level. In comparison, when the government provides a block grant, the amount of money paid by government is given and every cost above this number is paid by the local level government.
In philanthropic giving, foundations and corporations often give money to non-profit entities in the form of a matching gift. [2] Corporate matches often take the form of employee matching gifts, which means that if an employee donates to a nonprofit, the employee's corporation will donate money to the same nonprofit according to a predetermined match ratio (usually 1:1).
A chart of accounts (COA) is a list of financial accounts and reference numbers, grouped into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses, and used for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger.
A typical requirement is similar to matching funds where funds must be raised or acquired from other sources following a stated matching factor, often 2:1, 3:1 or 4:1. For example, a $1,000 challenge grant with a 3:1 match would require the recipient to raise $3,000 before they would receive the $1,000 grant.