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Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers. More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually.
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. [1] The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farmland or might work as a laborer on land owned by others.
Widely agreed types of livestock include cattle for beef and dairy, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Various other species are sometimes considered livestock, such as horses, [47] while poultry birds are sometimes excluded. In some parts of the world, livestock includes species such as buffalo, and the South American camelids, the alpaca and llama.
Micro-livestock is the term used for much-smaller animals, usually mammals. The two predominant categories are rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits). Even-smaller animals are kept and raised, such as crickets and honey bees. Micro-livestock does not generally include fish (aquaculture) or chickens (poultry farming).
Originally, the primary value in poultry keeping was eggs, and meat was considered a byproduct of egg production. [2] A United States Department of the Interior census in 1840 found American farmers had a total combined poultry flock valued at approximately $12 million ($366 million in today's dollars). [3]
Nettie Metcalf (née Williams; October 13, 1859 – 1945) was an American farmer from Warren, Ohio. [1] She is best known for creating the Buckeye chicken breed, which was officiated by the American Poultry Association in February 1905. [2] Metcalf attended poultry meetings across North America and became President of the American Buckeye Club.
Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Such agriculture occurs across Asia and in countries such as India , Malaysia , Indonesia , Afghanistan , South Africa , China , Central Europe , Nordic countries , Canada , and Russia .
One paper estimated that if global warming reaches 2.5 °C (4.5 °F), then the cost of rearing broilers in Brazil increases by 35.8% at the least modernized farms and by 42.3% at farms with the medium level of technology used in livestock housing, while they increase the least at farms with the most advanced cooling technologies.