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A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal antibodies [1] [2] A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
The image shows a single clone of cells each of which is producing large amounts of a specific monoclonal antibody which the cells secrete and which can be readily purified from the culture media. Laboratory animals ( mammals , e.g. mice) are first exposed to the antigen against which an antibody is to be generated.
Schematic diagram of an antibody and antigens. In the given case, otilimab is the antibody and binds monospecifically to GM-CSF (corresponding to the fitting yellow bit on this image). Otilimab, as its monoclonal antibody , specifically binds to GM-CSF which is consequently neutralised and incapable of binding its targeted inflammatory cells as ...
The advantage of active monoclonal antibody therapy is the fact that the immune system will produce antibodies long-term, with only a short-term drug administration to induce this response. However, the immune response to certain antigens may be inadequate, especially in the elderly.
Antibody allotypes came back to spotlight due to development and use of therapies based on monoclonal antibodies.These recombinant human glycoproteins and proteins are now well established in clinical practise, but sometimes leads to adverse effects such as generation of antitherapeutic antibodies that negates therapy or even cause severe reactions to the therapy.
Murine monoclonal antibodies are identified with the suffix "-omab". They originate from murine animals and can trigger allergic reactions in humans. [7] An example of a murine monoclonal antibody is blinatumomab, which is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [6] Chimeric monoclonal antibodies are identified with the suffix "-ximab".
The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to monoclonal antibodies. An antibody is a protein that is produced in B cells and used by the immune system of humans and other vertebrate animals to identify a specific foreign object like a bacterium or a virus .
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
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