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Video random-access memory (VRAM) is dedicated computer memory used to store the pixels and other graphics data as a framebuffer to be rendered on a computer monitor. [1] It often uses a different technology than other computer memory, in order to be read quickly for display on a screen.
By reducing the I/O activity caused by paging requests, virtual memory compression can produce overall performance improvements. The degree of performance improvement depends on a variety of factors, including the availability of any compression co-processors, spare bandwidth on the CPU, speed of the I/O channel, speed of the physical memory, and the compressibility of the physical memory ...
Dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in graphics adapters.. Dual-ported RAM allows the CPU to read and write data to memory as if it were a conventional DRAM chip, while adding a second port that reads out data.
The "sawtooth" pattern of memory utilization: the sudden drop in used memory is a candidate symptom for a memory leak. If the memory leak is in the kernel, the operating system itself will likely fail. Computers without sophisticated memory management, such as embedded systems, may also completely fail from a persistent memory leak.
Much the way the system BIOS provides a set of functions that are used by software programs to access the system hardware, the video BIOS provides a set of video-related functions that are used by programs to access the video hardware as well as storing vendor-specific settings such as card name, clock frequencies, VRAM types & voltages.
Framebuffers have varied widely in the methods used to access memory. Some of the most common are: Mapping the entire framebuffer to a given memory range. Port commands to set each pixel, range of pixels or palette entry. Mapping a memory range smaller than the framebuffer memory, then bank switching as necessary.
AL = lines to scroll (0 = clear, CH, CL, DH, DL are used), BH = Background Color and Foreground color. BH = 43h, means that background color is red and foreground color is cyan. Refer the BIOS color attributes. CH = Upper row number, CL = Left column number, DH = Lower row number, DL = Right column number Scroll down window AH=07h like above
Each memory refresh cycle refreshes a succeeding area of memory cells, thus repeatedly refreshing all the cells on the chip in a consecutive cycle. This process is typically conducted automatically in the background by the memory circuitry and is transparent to the user. [ 2 ]