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Various earmuff hearing protectors. Sound levels of some daily activities. A hearing protection device, also known as a HPD, is an ear protection device worn in or over the ears while exposed to hazardous noise and provide hearing protection to help prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
Hearing protector fit-testing is a method that measures the degree of noise reduction obtained from an individual wearing a particular hearing protection device (HPD) - for example, a noise canceling earplug or earmuff. Fit testing is necessary due to the fact that noise attenuation varies across individuals.
OSHA's letter of interpretation on hearing protection-fit-testing; Royal National Institute for Deaf people; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Hearing Protector Device Compendium; NIOSH Science Blog: NIOSH HPD Well-Fit™: The Future is Fit-Testing; DOD, 2024 policy on hearing protection fit-testing US Department of Defense
Depending on the presence of hearing protection devices, whether the sound came unexpectedly, and where the sound originated—whether in free field, at the ear canal entrance, or at the eardrum position—the AHAAH model could predict the displacements in the inner ear because it was conformal with the structure of the human ear. [15]
There are many different types of HPDs available for use, including earmuffs, earplugs, electronic hearing protection devices, and semi-insert devices. [56] One can measure the personal attenuation rating through a hearing protection fit-testing system. Earmuff style hearing protection devices are designed to fit over the outer ear, or pinna.
Two people wearing behind-the-neck earmuffs. Thermal earmuffs are worn for protection from the cold. Because the ears extend from the sides of the head to gather sound waves, they have a high skin surface-area-to-volume ratio, and very little muscle tissue, causing them to be one of the first body parts to become uncomfortably cold as temperatures drop.
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