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Figure 1: Example two-port network with symbol definitions. Notice the port condition is satisfied: the same current flows into each port as leaves that port.. In electronics, a two-port network (a kind of four-terminal network or quadripole) is an electrical network (i.e. a circuit) or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits.
The hybrid-pi model is a linearized two-port network approximation to the BJT using the small-signal base-emitter voltage, , and collector-emitter voltage, , as independent variables, and the small-signal base current, , and collector current, , as dependent variables.
A nullor is a theoretical two-port network consisting of a nullator at its input and a norator at its output. [1] Nullors represent an ideal amplifier, having infinite current, voltage, transconductance and transimpedance gain. [2] Its transmission parameters are all zero, that is, its input–output behavior is summarized with the matrix equation
These concepts are capable of being extended to networks of more than two ports. However, this is rarely done in reality because, in many practical cases, ports are considered either purely input or purely output. If reverse direction transfer functions are ignored, a multi-port network can always be decomposed into a number of two-port networks.
Darlington showed that any PRF can be realised as a two-port network using only L and C elements with a single resistor terminating the output port. [89] The Darlington and related methods are called the insertion loss method. [90] The method can be extended to multi-port networks with each port terminated with a single resistor. [91]
These can be represented by simple equivalent circuits of impedances and dependent sources. To be analyzed as a two port network the currents applied to the circuit must satisfy the port condition: the current entering one terminal of a port must be equal to the current leaving the other terminal of the port. [4]
In electrical circuit theory, a port is a pair of terminals connecting an electrical network or circuit to an external circuit, as a point of entry or exit for electrical energy. A port consists of two nodes (terminals) connected to an outside circuit which meets the port condition – the currents flowing into the two nodes must be equal and ...
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