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William A. F. Browne was an influential reformer of the lunatic asylum in the mid-19th century, and an advocate of the new 'science' of phrenology. Although Tuke, Pinel and others had tried to do away with physical restraint, it remained widespread in the 19th century.
The Athens Lunatic Asylum, now a mixed-use development known as The Ridges, [2] was a Kirkbride Plan mental hospital operated in Athens, Ohio, from 1874 until 1993.During its operation, the hospital provided services to a variety of patients including Civil War veterans, children, and those declared mentally unwell.
When founded, it was known as the Eastern Maine Insane Hospital. Its name was changed in 1913 to Bangor State Hospital, and then to Bangor Mental Health Institute. In 2005 it was renamed the Dorothea Dix Psychiatric Center, in honor of Dorothea Dix, a pioneering 19th-century advocate for the improved treatment of the mentally ill.
The following is a list of notable sanatoria (singular: sanatorium) in the United States. Sanatoria were medical facilities that specialized in treatment for long-term illnesses. Many sanatoria in the United States specialized in treatment of tuberculosis in the twentieth century prior to the discovery of antibiotics.
The Kirkbride Plan was a system of mental asylum design advocated by American psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride (1809–1883) in the mid-19th century. The asylums built in the Kirkbride design, often referred to as Kirkbride Buildings (or simply Kirkbrides), were constructed during the mid-to-late-19th century in the United States.
Mental health services at the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital continued to expand throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. But by the mid-20th century, the 1841 hospital building proved unusable for this purpose and was demolished in 1959. All treatment moved to the Department for Males building in 1959.
In the 19th century, one could have ones head examined, literally, using phrenology, the study of the shape of the skull developed by respected anatomist Franz Joseph Gall. Other popular treatments included physiognomy —the study of the shape of the face—and mesmerism , developed by Franz Anton Mesmer —designed to relieve psychological ...
Nineteenth-century philosophers and architectural theorists argued that the natural and built environment shaped behavior. The doctors who promoted the establishment of mental hospitals used the same rhetoric as social reformers and park enthusiasts: that nature was curative, exercise therapeutic, and the city a source of vice. [3]