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The 2012 documentary Nicotine Bees argued that neonicotinoid pesticides are principally responsible for colony collapse disorder. [ 212 ] More than Honey , a 2012 documentary, examined the relationship between humans and bees and explored possible causes of CCD.
Pesticides, especially neonicotinoids, have been investigated in relation to risks for bees such as Colony Collapse Disorder. A 2018 review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that most uses of neonicotinoid pesticides such as clothianidin represent a risk to wild bees and honeybees.
Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a poorly understood phenomenon in which worker bees from a beehive or western honey bee colony abruptly disappear. CCD was originally discovered in Florida by David Hackenberg in western honey bee colonies in late 2006. [77]
Use of pesticides in Canada is a matter of federal jurisdiction. In 2016, ... [95] [96] Many biological factors influence colony collapse disorder, ...
Fipronil is one of the main chemical causes blamed for the spread of colony collapse disorder among bees. [ citation needed ] It has been found by the Minutes-Association for Technical Coordination Fund in France that even at very low nonlethal doses for bees, the pesticide still impairs their ability to locate their hive , resulting in large ...
Varroa mite has also been implicated as one of the multiple causes of colony collapse disorder. Management of this pest focuses on reducing mite numbers through monitoring to avoid significant hive losses or death. 3% of bees infested in a hive is considered an economic threshold where damage is high enough to warrant additional management.
A number of pesticides including the neonicotinoids clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid are toxic to bees. [49] Exposure to pesticides may be one of the contributory factors to colony collapse disorder. [50] A study in North Carolina indicated that more than 30 percent of the quail tested were made sick by one aerial insecticide application.
As of 2007, a new phenomenon called colony collapse disorder (CCD) began affecting bee hives all over North America. Initial speculation on possible causes included new parasites, pesticide use, [112] and the use of Bt transgenic crops. [113]