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The crop slowly spread across Europe, such that, for example, by 1845 it occupied one-third of Irish arable land. Potatoes comprised about 10% of the caloric intake of Europeans. Along with several other foods that either originated in the Americas or were successfully grown or harvested there, potatoes sustained European populations. [47]
The Irish Lumper is a varietal white potato of historic interest. It has been identified as the variety of potato whose widespread cultivation throughout Ireland , prior to the 1840s, is implicated in the Irish Great Famine in which an estimated 1 million died.
Irish White is a variety of potato that was traditionally grown in County Donegal and Antrim. It was raised by Robert Christie of Ballytaggart about 1882. [1] The tubers are long, irregular and white skinned with very deep eyes, similar to an 'Irish Lumper' in appearance.
The Scotch-Irish brought the potato with them from Ireland (although the potato originated in South America, it was not known in North America until brought over from Europe). In Maine it became a staple crop as well as an economic base.
The potato (/ p ə ˈ t eɪ t oʊ /) is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile.
Major agricultural products of Ireland include milk, barley, beef, wheat, potatoes, pork, oats, poultry, mushrooms/truffles, and mutton. [23] According to a September 2020 report by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, 164,400 Irish citizens are employed in the agricultural industry, comprising 7.1% of Ireland's workforce. [24]
The origin of the word is unclear. The first syllable "col" likely comes from the Irish "cál", meaning cabbage. The second syllable may derive from "ceann-fhionn", meaning a white head (i.e. "a white head of cabbage."). This usage is also found in the Irish name for a coot, a white-headed bird known as "cearc cheannan" or "white-head hen.".
The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger (Irish: an Gorta Mór [ənˠ ˈɡɔɾˠt̪ˠə ˈmˠoːɾˠ]), the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, [1] [2] was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland lasting from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a historical social crisis and had a major impact on Irish society and history as a whole. [3]