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Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes . It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust , with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg /kg.
The platinum-group metals (PGMs), also known as the platinoids, platinides, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum-group elements (PGEs), are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 ...
Though naturally occurring platinum alloys containing all six platinum-group metals were used for a long time by pre-Columbian Americans and known as a material to European chemists from the mid-16th century, not until the mid-18th century was platinum identified as a pure element. That natural platinum contained palladium, rhodium, osmium and ...
Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). They have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them.
Although both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in art, jewelry, and coinage. Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. [1]
Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium, and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts, and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness. [12] Osmium is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, making up only 50 parts per trillion . [13] [14]
The turmoil in Natalie Rupnow's family life, as documented by court records, offer a glimpse into events that may have shaped her path before Monday's tragedy.
Rhodium is used as an alloying agent for hardening and improving the corrosion resistance [25] of platinum and palladium. These alloys are used in furnace windings, bushings for glass fiber production, thermocouple elements, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, and laboratory crucibles. [50] Other uses include: