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S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G 1 phase and G 2 phase. [1] Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
The simplest phase diagrams are pressure–temperature diagrams of a single simple substance, such as water. The axes correspond to the pressure and temperature. The phase diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries between the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas.
Schreinemaker's analysis is the use of Schreinemaker's rules to create a phase diagram. After applying Schreinemaker's rules and creating a phase diagram, the resulting geometric figure will be thermodynamically accurate, although the axes will be undetermined.
A plot of typical polymer solution phase behavior including two critical points: a LCST and an UCST. The liquid–liquid critical point of a solution, which occurs at the critical solution temperature, occurs at the limit of the two-phase region of the phase diagram. In other words, it is the point at which an infinitesimal change in some ...
Schematic karyogram of the human chromosomes, showing their usual state in the G 0 and G 1 phase of the cell cycle. At top center it also shows the chromosome 3 pair in metaphase (annotated as "Meta."), which takes place after having undergone DNA synthesis which occurs in the S phase (annotated as S) of the cell cycle.
S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) is varying Cdk/cyclin complexes in eukaryotes that initiates the S-phase in the cell cycle. [1] SPF is at its peak when the cell cycle is transiting from G1 phase to the S-phase. [1] The SPF is at its lowest during the cell cycle once the cyclin subunits are used up, and broken down. [1]
Ternary plots can also be used to create phase diagrams by outlining the composition regions on the plot where different phases exist. The values of a point on a ternary plot correspond (up to a constant) to its trilinear coordinates or barycentric coordinates.