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Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other. Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism .
When no external field is applied, the antiferromagnetic structure corresponds to a vanishing total magnetization. In an external magnetic field, a kind of ferrimagnetic behavior may be displayed in the antiferromagnetic phase, with the absolute value of one of the sublattice magnetizations differing from that of the other sublattice, resulting in a nonzero net magnetization.
[54]: 64 In this model, a magnetic H-field is produced by magnetic poles and magnetism is due to small pairs of north–south magnetic poles. Three discoveries in 1820 challenged this foundation of magnetism. Hans Christian Ørsted demonstrated that a current-carrying wire is surrounded by a circular magnetic field.
Historically, the first and most studied example of this effect is the linear magnetoelectric effect.Mathematically, while the electric susceptibility and magnetic susceptibility describe the electric and magnetic polarization responses to an electric, resp. a magnetic field, there is also the possibility of a magnetoelectric susceptibility which describes a linear response of the electric ...
In physics, fields are entities that interact with matter and can be described mathematically by assigning a value to each point in space and time. Vector fields are fields which are assigned both a numerical value and a direction at each point in space and time. Electric charges produce a vector field called the electric field. The numerical ...
In classical electromagnetism, magnetization is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume. [1]
The factor comes about during the calculation of the first-order perturbation in the energy of an atom when a weak uniform magnetic field (that is, weak in comparison to the system's internal magnetic field) is applied to the system.
Magnetochemistry is concerned with the magnetic properties of chemical compounds and elements.Magnetic properties arise from the spin and orbital angular momentum of the electrons contained in a compound.