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Pneumopericardium is a medical condition where air enters the pericardial cavity. This condition has been recognized in preterm neonates, in which it is associated with severe lung pathology, after vigorous resuscitation, or in the presence of assisted ventilation. [ 2 ]
The cause of IVH in premature infants, unlike that in older infants, children or adults, is rarely due to trauma. Instead it is thought to result from changes in perfusion of the delicate cellular structures that are present in the growing brain, augmented by the immaturity of the cerebral circulatory system, which is especially vulnerable to ...
Hemopericardium has been reported to result from various afflictions including chest trauma, free wall rupture after a myocardial infarction, bleeding into the pericardial sac following a type A aortic dissection, and as a complication of invasive cardiac procedures. [6]
Gut flora, that in adults produces vitamin K, has not yet developed. [2] Early VKDB is rare and caused by maternal medications that interact with vitamin K such as warfarin, phenytoin, or rifampicin. [2] Classical VKDB is more common and caused by the relative deficiency at birth with inadequate vitamin K intake.
Subcutaneous emphysema is frequently found in pneumothorax (air outside of the lung in the chest cavity) [14] [15] and may also result from pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum) or pneumopericardium (air in the pericardial cavity around the heart). [16]
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Hamman's sign (rarely, Hammond's sign [1] or Hammond's crunch [2]) is a medical sign consisting of a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, [3] heard over the precordium in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema.
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