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Pneumopericardium is a medical condition where air enters the pericardial cavity. This condition has been recognized in preterm neonates, in which it is associated with severe lung pathology, after vigorous resuscitation, or in the presence of assisted ventilation. [ 2 ]
The continuous diaphragm sign is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (pneumomediastinum) [1], the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) or pericardium (pneumopericardium) [2]. This sign is characterized by the uninterrupted visualization of the ...
Hamman's crunch is caused by pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium, and is associated with tracheobronchial injury [6] due to trauma, medical procedures (e.g., bronchoscopy) or rupture of a proximal pulmonary bleb. It can be seen with Boerhaave syndrome.
Causes include post-term pregnancy, placental insufficiency, and NSAID use by the mother. [citation needed] Decreased size of pulmonary vascular bed: This has a poor prognosis, as it is a fixed abnormality. It is caused by space occupying lesions such as pleural effusions and diaphragmatic hernias. [citation needed]
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
The underlying causes of the condition, such as over-prescription of anticoagulants, must be addressed as well so that the hemopericardium does not return. [ citation needed ] While hemopericardium itself is not fatal, it may lead to cardiac tamponade , which can be deadly if not treated promptly.
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The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis , uremic pericarditis , heart attack , cancer , autoimmune disorders , and chest trauma .