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The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.
LIX (abbreviation of Swedish läsbarhetsindex, "readibility index") is a readability measure indicating the difficulty of reading a text [1] developed by Swedish scholar Carl-Hugo Björnsson. It is defined as a sum of two numbers: the average sentence length and the percentage of words of more than six letters.
The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.
The Dale–Chall readability formula is a readability test that provides a numeric gauge of the comprehension difficulty that readers come upon when reading a text. It uses a list of 3000 words that groups of fourth-grade American students could reliably understand, considering any word not on that list to be difficult.
In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. [1] [2] Indices – also known as indexes and composite indicators – summarize and rank specific observations. [2]
An increased limit factor (ILF) at limit L relative to basic limit B can be defined as = + + + + + + ()where ALAE is the allocated loss adjustment expense provision, ULAE is the unallocated loss adjustment expense provision, and RL is the risk load provision.
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A test score is a piece of information, usually a number, that conveys the performance of an examinee on a test. One formal definition is that it is "a summary of the evidence contained in an examinee's responses to the items of a test that are related to the construct or constructs being measured."