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The Awa'uq Massacre [4] [5] or Refuge Rock Massacre, [5] or, more recently, as the Wounded Knee of Alaska, [2] was an attack and massacre of Koniag Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) people in August 1784 at Refuge Rock near Kodiak Island by Russian fur trader Grigory Shelekhov and 130 armed Russian men and cannoneers of his Shelikhov-Golikov Company.
The largest island in the Kodiak Archipelago, Kodiak Island is the second largest island in the United States and the 80th largest island in the world, with an area of 3,595.09 sq mi (9,311.2 km 2), [2] slightly larger than Cyprus. It is 160 km (99 miles) long and in width ranges from 16 to 97 kilometers (10 to 60 mi).
Salmon drying. Alutiiq village, Old Harbor, Kodiak Island.Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889. The Alutiiq (pronounced / ə ˈ l uː t ɪ k / ə-LOO-tik in English; from Promyshlenniki Russian Алеутъ, "Aleut"; [1] [2] [3] plural often "Alutiit"), also called by their ancestral name Sugpiaq (/ ˈ s ʊ ɡ ˌ b j ɑː k / SUUG-byahk or / ˈ s ʊ ɡ p i ˌ æ k / SUUG-pee-AK; plural often ...
In 1784, Grigory Ivanovich Shelekhov, who later set up the Russian-American Company [16] [better source needed] that developed into the Alaskan colonial administration, arrived in Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island with two ships, the Three Saints (Russian: Три Святителя) and the St. Simon. [17]
When Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, Kodiak developed as a center for commercial fishing, and canneries dotted the island in the early 20th century until global farm-raised salmon eliminated these businesses. New processing centers emerged and the industry continues to evolve.
West Saint Peak (left) and East Saint Peak (right) reflected in Three Saints Bay. Location of Three Saints Bay and St. Paul on Kodiak in 1805. Three Saints Bay (Russian: Бухта Трёх Святителей, r Bukhta Tryokh Svyatitelyej) is a 9-mile (14-kilometer)-long inlet on the southeast side of Kodiak Island, Alaska, north of Sitkalidak Strait. [4]
The Kodiak Archipelago (Russian: Кадьякский архипелаг, romanized: Kad'yakskiy arkhipelag) is an archipelago (group of islands) south of the main land-mass of the state of Alaska (United States), about 405 km (252 mi) by air south-west of Anchorage in the Gulf of Alaska.
The company had already established a permanent colony for European settlers on Kodiak Island. Supported at first by the fur trade, the Kodiak colonists later pursued cattle ranching and fox farming. During the Russian period (i.e., 1740s to 1867) a population of 60-100 villagers lived a subsistence life on nearby Chirikof.