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The robe of the High Priest as created by the Temple Institute. The priestly robe (Hebrew: מְעִיל, romanized: məʿīl), sometimes robe of the ephod (מְעִיל הָאֵפֹוד məʿīl hāʾēp̄ōḏ), is one of the sacred articles of clothing of the High Priest of Israel. The robe is described in Exodus 28:31-35.
The high priest is the chief of all the priests; he should be anointed and invested with the priestly garments; but if the sacred oil were not obtainable, [36] investiture with the additional four garments is regarded as sufficient. [37] A high priest so invested is known as merubbeh begadim.
In the Book of Leviticus when Moses consecrates Aaron and his sons as High Priest and priests, respectively, the linen undergarments are not mentioned (Leviticus 8:7, Leviticus 8:13), [3] though their use is obviously presumed. There were four holy garments worn by both the priests and the High Priest alike:
Illustration of priestly breastplate. According to the description in Exodus, this breastplate was attached to the tunic-like garment known as an ephod by gold chains/cords tied to the gold rings on the ephod's shoulder straps and by blue ribbon tied to the gold rings at the belt of the ephod. [1]
The vestments that were unique to the high priest were the priestly robe, ephod (vest or apron), priestly breastplate, and priestly golden head plate. In addition to the above "golden garments", the high priest also had a set of white "linen garments" (bigdei ha-bad) which he wore only on Yom Kippur for the Yom Kippur Temple service. [20]
The High Priest wearing the sacred vestments, the ends of the Avnet are shown in red hanging at his feet. The kohen on one knee beside him is wearing the avnet wound around his waist. The priestly sash or girdle (Hebrew אַבְנֵט avnet) was part of the ritual garments worn by Jewish high priests who served in the Temple in Jerusalem.
That of the High Priest was embroidered (Exodus 28:39); those of the priests were plain (Exodus 28:40). On the Day of Atonement, the High priest would change into a special tunic made of fine linen that was not embroidered when he would enter the Holy of Holies. This tunic could only be used once, with a new set made for each year.
The garments of the Israelite priests and high priests are described, and prescribed, in detail in Leviticus. For the high priest these include a priestly tunic, linen undergarments, sash, robe, priestly turban, ephod (with Urim and Thummim), and a priestly breastplate with 12 stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.