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Hagia Sophia, [a] officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque, [b] is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.The last of three church buildings to be successively erected on the site by the Eastern Roman Empire, it was completed in AD 537, becoming the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome.
The most famous example of Byzantine architecture is the Hagia Sophia, and it has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world", [9] and as an architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization.
Hagia Sophia was built in the fourteenth century by the first despot of Mystras, Manuel Kantakouzenos, whose monograms are preserved on marble plaques of the church. [1] [2] The church was originally dedicated to Jesus Christ the Life Giver (Ancient Greek: Ζωοδότης Χριστός, romanized: Zoodotes Christos) [2] and was the catholicon of the men's monastery, bearing the same name, as ...
The Hagia Sophia church is an important example of late Byzantine architecture, being characterised by a high central dome and four large column arches supporting the weight of the dome and ceiling. Below the dome is an Opus sectile pavement of multicolored stones.
The dome and semi-domes of the Hagia Sophia, in particular, were replicated and refined. A "universal mosque design" based upon this development spread throughout the world. [250] The first Ottoman mosque to use a dome and semi-dome nave vaulting scheme like that of Hagia Sophia was the mosque of Beyazit II.
The early Byzantine architecture followed the classical Roman model of domes and arches, but further improved these architectural concepts, as evidenced with the Hagia Sophia, which was designed by Isidorus and Anthemius as the third church to rise on this location, between 532 and 537, following the Nika riots (532) during which the second ...
Roof figure by Ludwig Simek at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (Museumsstraße) The vaults in the Hagia Sophia, originally designed by Isidore of Miletus.. Isidore of Miletus (Greek: Ἰσίδωρος ὁ Μιλήσιος; Medieval Greek pronunciation: [iˈsiðoros o miˈlisios]; Latin: Isidorus Miletus) was one of the two main Byzantine Greek mathematician, physicist and architects ...
The central one is traditionally called the Beautiful Gate or Royal Doors (either because Christ passes through them in the liturgy, or from the time of the Byzantine Empire, when the emperor would enter the main body of Hagia Sophia, the Church of Holy Wisdom, through these doors and proceed up to the altar to partake of the Eucharist).
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