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Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor . It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium , tin , lead , and flerovium are below it.
Silicon's concentration in seawater can vary from 30 parts per billion on the surface of the ocean to 2000 parts per billion deeper down. Silicon dust occurs in trace amounts in Earth's atmosphere. Silicate minerals are the most common type of mineral on earth. Silicon makes up 14.3 parts per million of the human body on average. [18]
The other group 14 elements have a lower tendency to catenate. Hydrosilicons ( binary silicon-hydrogen compounds ), a silicon analogs of hydrocarbons, such as silanes Si n H 2 n +2 are known for n = 1–8, in which thermal stability decreasing as n increases (e.g. silane SiH 4 and disilane Si 2 H 6 ), as are cyclosilanes (e.g. cyclopentasilane ...
Element 14 is silicon, the 14th element in the periodic table of elements. Element 14 may also refer to: Element 14 (company), a former developer of DSL equipment created from the restructuring of Acorn Computers; Farnell element14, a brand and subsidiary of electronic parts distributor Premier Farnell
The shift from the hypoelectronic elements in Group 13 and earlier to the Group 14 elements is illustrated by the change from an infinite ionic structure in aluminium fluoride to a lattice of simple covalent silicon tetrafluoride molecules, as dictated by the lower electronegativity of aluminium than silicon, the stoichiometry (the +4 oxidation ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Silicon-34 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.8 seconds. [1] In addition to the usual N = 20 closed shell, the nucleus also shows a strong Z = 14 shell closure, making it behave like a doubly magic spherical nucleus, except that it is also located two protons above an island of inversion . [ 15 ]
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.