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  2. Transfer mispricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_mispricing

    In the previous example it is not a coincidence that the selected country was from Africa. Although the amount of empirical analysis about transfer pricing is quite small, it is clear that the amount of trade mispricing occurring in African exports is higher than that of the developed world, since in Africa there is the insufficient ...

  3. Wash trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wash_trade

    Various practitioners engage in wash trading for several reasons. Some examples include: Artificially inflating trading volume gives the impression that the financial instrument is more in demand than it actually is. [6] Falsely driving up asset prices by fabricating trade history with increasing prices, particularly in illiquid assets. [4]

  4. Market manipulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_manipulation

    In economics and finance, market manipulation is a type of market abuse where there is a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market; the most blatant of cases involve creating false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a product, security or commodity. [citation needed]

  5. Economic Espionage Act of 1996 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Espionage_Act_of_1996

    The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104–294 (text), 110 Stat. 3488, enacted October 11, 1996) was a 6 title Act of Congress dealing with a wide range of issues, including not only industrial espionage (e.g., the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act), but the insanity defense, matters regarding the Boys & Girls Clubs of ...

  6. Missing trader fraud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_trader_fraud

    Carousel fraud, explained by the Dutch State. Missing trader fraud (also called missing trader intra-community fraud or MTIC fraud) involves the non-payment of Value Added Tax (VAT) to a government by fraudsters who exploit VAT rules, most commonly the European Union VAT rules which provide that the movement of goods between member states is VAT-free.

  7. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...

  8. Market abuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_abuse

    In economics and finance, market abuse may arise in circumstances in which investors in a financial market have been unreasonably disadvantaged, directly or indirectly, by others who: [1] have used information which is not publicly available ( insider dealing )

  9. International trade theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade_theory

    International trade theory is a sub-field of economics which analyzes the patterns of international trade, its origins, and its welfare implications. International trade policy has been highly controversial since the 18th century. International trade theory and economics itself have developed as means to evaluate the effects of trade policies.