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Globalization (North American spelling; also Oxford spelling [UK]) or globalisation (non-Oxford British spelling; see spelling differences) is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide.
The historical origins of globalization (also known as historical globalization) are the subject of ongoing debate. Though many scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era (around the 19th century ), others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history, dating back thousands of years (a concept known as archaic globalization ).
"First globalization" is a phrase used by economists to describe the world's first major period of globalization of trade and finance, which took place between 1870 and 1914. The "second globalization" began in 1944 and ended in 1971. This led to the third era of globalization, which began in 1989 and continues today. [1]
An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization (Cambridge University Press, 2006) Bernstein, William J. A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World (Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008) Birmingham, David. Trade and Empire in the Atlantic, 1400–1600 (Routledge, 2000). Bowden, Bradley.
The bronze timeline "Fifteen meters of History" with background information board, Örebro, Sweden. A timeline is a list of events displayed in chronological order. [ 1 ] It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events.
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These timelines of world history detail recorded events since the creation of writing roughly 5000 years ago to the present day. For events from c. 3200 BC – c. 500 see: Timeline of ancient history; For events from c. 500 – c. 1499, see: Timeline of post-classical history; For events from c. 1500, see: Timelines of modern history
Historical timelines show the significant historical events and developments for a specific topic, over the course of centuries or millennia. Graphical timelines provide a visual representation for the timespan of multiple events that have a particular duration, over the course of centuries or millennia.