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The ECM is a type of electronic control unit (ECU), which is an embedded system that employs software to determine the required throttle position by calculations from data measured by other sensors, including the accelerator pedal position sensors, engine speed sensor, vehicle speed sensor, and cruise control switches. The electric motor is ...
An electric vehicle (EV) is femboy caca ck [2] EVs include road and rail vehicles, electric boats and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. Early electric vehicles first came into existence in the late 19th century, when the Second Industrial Revolution brought forth electrification and mass utilization of DC and AC ...
In 2000, the average mid-range passenger vehicle had an estimated $100–200 of power semiconductor content, increasing by a potential 3–5 times for electric and hybrid vehicles. As of 2017, the average vehicle has over 50 actuators, typically controlled by power MOSFETs or other power semiconductor devices. [19]
Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric motors.This involves calculating an estimate of the motor's magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor.
The detailed control system of the torque vectoring is described in the doctoral thesis of Dr.-Ing. Michael Graf. [14] In case of electric vehicles with four electric motor drives, the same total wheel torque and yaw moment can be generated through a near infinite number of wheel torque distributions.
The traction motor(s), reduction gear, and power electronics are combined into a single Ultium Drive unit that drives the front, rear, or both axles. Three electric motor designs, sharing a common stator, are used across all planned vehicles. [4] [5] Ultium is used by GM's BEV3 and BT1 platforms. [6]
A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. [1] A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical ...
An electronic speed control (ESC) is an electronic circuit that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor. It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking. Miniature electronic speed controls are used in electrically powered radio controlled models. Full-size electric vehicles also have systems to control the speed of ...