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The sonata form (also sonata-allegro form or first movement form) is a musical structure generally consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. It has been used widely since the middle of the 18th century (the early Classical period ).
Sonata Theory understands the rhetorical layout of a sonata as progressing through a set of action spaces and moments of "structural punctuation." [8] These action spaces largely correlate with the "themes" or "groups" of the sonata, though each space is differentiated primarily by the unique generic goal that the music pursues within that particular space.
The second movement is in E ♭ major and is also in sonata form. Its opening melody is often compared to the later music of Chopin. [2] The exposition starts in the tonic key and ends in the dominant key. The development plays around with the first theme of the exposition, slowly building intensity until both hands play constant sixteenth notes.
Portrait of composer C.P.E. Bach. The older Italian sonata form differs considerably from the later sonata in the works of the Viennese Classical masters. [1] Between the two main types, the older Italian and the more "modern" Viennese sonata, various transitional types are manifest in the middle of the 18th century, in the works of the Mannheim composers, Johann Stamitz, Franz Xaver Richter ...
James Webster noted the particular A–B–A form of the first movement's first thematic group. [6] Daniel Coren summarised the nature of the recapitulations in the first and third movements. [7] Leo Black noted Schubert's reworking of the opening theme from the sonata's slow movement into his song "Der Unglückliche". [8]
The third movement is a seven-part sonata rondo (ABACABA), a traditional third-movement form in classical concerti. The piano states the main theme, which is then repeated by the orchestra. The two B sections (subordinate themes) are in G major and C major respectively.
Crucial to most interpretations of the sonata form is the idea of a tonal center; and, as the Grove Concise Dictionary of Music puts it: "The main form of the group embodying the 'sonata principle', the most important principle of musical structure from the Classical period to the 20th century: that material first stated in a complementary key ...
A sonatina (French: “sonatine”, German: “Sonatine") is a small sonata.As a musical term, sonatina has no single strict definition; it is rather a title applied by the composer to a piece that is in basic sonata form, but is shorter and lighter in character, or technically more elementary, than a typical sonata. [1]