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It is a transitional size with the shorter side of ISO A4 (210 mm, 8 + 1 ⁄ 4 inch) and the longer side of British Foolscap (13-inch, 330 mm). ISO A4 is exactly 90% the height of F4. This size is sometimes also known as (metric) 'foolscap' or 'folio'. In some countries, the narrow side of F4 is slightly broader: 8.5 inches (216 mm) or 215 mm.
Similarly, two sheets of A4 can be scaled down to fit one A4 sheet without excess empty paper. This system also simplifies calculating the weight of paper. Under ISO 536 , paper's grammage is defined as a sheet's mass in grams (g) per area in square metres (unit symbol g/m 2 ; the nonstandard abbreviation "gsm" is also used). [ 5 ]
Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.
Although metric, based on the A4 paper size, and named to suggest that it is part of the official ISO 216 paper sizes, it is only a de facto standard. It is often referred to as (metric) "foolscap" or "folio" because of its similarity to the traditional foolscap folio size of 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 13 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (216 mm × 343 mm).
Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates. [1] Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color, [2] or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.
The size and proportions of a book depend on the size of the original full sheet. If a sheet 480 by 640 mm (19 by 25 in) is used to print a quarto, the resulting untrimmed pages, will be approximately half as large in each dimension: width 240 mm ( 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) and height 320 mm ( 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 in).
The precise origins of the dimensions of US letter-size paper (8.5 × 11 in) are not known. The American Forest & Paper Association says that the standard US dimensions have their origin in the days of manual papermaking, the 11-inch length of the standard paper being about a quarter of "the average maximum stretch of an experienced vatman's arms". [2]
Yellow dots on white paper, produced by color laser printer (enlarged, dot diameter about 0.1 mm) Printer tracking dots, also known as printer steganography, DocuColor tracking dots, yellow dots, secret dots, or a machine identification code (MIC), is a digital watermark which many color laser printers and photocopiers produce on every printed page that identifies the specific device that was ...