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There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
A bacterial infection can result in a mucus and pus secretion. [1] Severe cases of ophthalmia can cause blindness if not treated, especially in newborns, who contract it from the environment in the womb. [2] Treatments vary according to the nature of the cause, with minor irritations going away on their own.
Bulging eyes: where the eye (one or both) protrudes or distends out of its orbit. Left untreated, bulging eyes may lead to eye dryness, pain and vision loss [3] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: This is an inflammation of the retina caused by infection, which can result in blindness.
Macular degeneration is the third main cause of blindness worldwide, and is the main cause of blindness in industrialised countries. [12] Eye infection, inflammation, or injury. Sjögren's syndrome, a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys moisture producing glands, including lacrimal gland and leads to dry eye and visual blur. [13]
According to the CDC, people should seek medical care if they have symptoms of an eye infection, including: Yellow, green or clear discharge from the eye. Eye pain or discomfort.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, also known as CMV retinitis, is an inflammation of the retina of the eye that can lead to blindness. [1] Caused by human cytomegalovirus , it occurs predominantly in people whose immune system has been compromised, including 15-40% of those with AIDS.
Symptoms include eye pain, eye redness, floaters and blurred vision, and ophthalmic examination may show dilated ciliary blood vessels and the presence of cells in the anterior chamber. Uveitis may arise spontaneously, have a genetic component, or be associated with an autoimmune disease or infection.
The retina is the eye's "sensing" tissue. Retinitis may be caused by a number of different infectious agents. Its most common form, called retinitis pigmentosa, has a prevalence of one in every 2,500–7,000 people. This condition is one of the leading causes that leads to blindness in patients in the age range of 20–60 years old.