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Informally, specifying a geographic location usually means giving the location's latitude and longitude. The numerical values for latitude and longitude can occur in a number of different units or formats: [2] sexagesimal degree: degrees, minutes, and seconds : 40° 26′ 46″ N 79° 58′ 56″ W; degrees and decimal minutes: 40° 26.767′ N ...
Example: You want coordinates, in decimal degrees format, for Yosemite National Park, California, U.S. The size of the object is roughly 70 km; GNIS query gives the Park's location, in decimal degrees, as: 37.8483188 (north latitude), −119.5571434 (west longitude) To solve: Choose the Decimal degrees format table
Decimal degrees (DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap , and GPS devices.
The latitude and longitude are separated by a tilde ( ~ ). The latitude is displayed first, and both coordinates are displayed in decimal degrees format. (in degrees only). Alternatively, any of the locations in My Places can be exported either as a KML file or GPX file, both of which embed the coordinates.
For example, on a GEOREF chart, Naval Air Station Patuxent River (38°17′10″N 76°24′42″W) / (38.286108, -76.4291704) is located (to the nearest minute) at position GJPJ3417. To locate the position from the coordinates, proceed as follows: Right from 180° longitude to longitude zone G; Up from the South Pole to latitude zone J
Let's take a point of latitude and of longitude and compute its UTM coordinates as well as point scale factor and meridian convergence using a reference meridian of longitude . By convention, in the northern hemisphere N 0 = 0 {\displaystyle N_{0}=0} km and in the southern hemisphere N 0 = 10000 {\displaystyle N_{0}=10000} km.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Longitude: from West to East this map definition covers 1.3719 degrees. At an image width of 200 pixels, that is 0.0069 degrees per pixel. At an image width of 1000 pixels, that is 0.0014 degrees per pixel. Latitude: from North to South this map definition covers 1.4775 degrees. At an image height of 200 pixels, that is 0.0074 degrees per pixel.