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  2. Myelography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelography

    A CT scan is typically performed after radiographic contrast media (dye) has been placed with fluoroscopic guidance into a sac-like lining (the first- and hardest and outermost- layer of the spinal meninges, the spinal dura mater) surrounding the spinal cord and nerves. The material is typically water-soluble, which has largely replaced ...

  3. Carotid artery stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_artery_stenosis

    Carotid artery stenosis is usually diagnosed by color flow duplex ultrasound scan of the carotid arteries in the neck. This involves no radiation, no needles and no contrast agents that may cause allergic reactions. This test has good sensitivity and specificity. [16] Typically duplex ultrasound scan is the only investigation required for ...

  4. Carotid ultrasonography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_ultrasonography

    Carotid ultrasound is a low-cost, noninvasive, and accurate diagnostic imaging modality used to evaluate diseases of the carotid arteries. [2] It is most often used to diagnose carotid artery stenosis, a form of atherosclerosis, and has the capability to assess plaque morphology and characteristics. [1]

  5. Stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenosis

    Stenosis (from Ancient Greek στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture ).

  6. Laminotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminotomy

    Common symptoms of lumbar stenosis are pain, fatigue, weakness of the muscle and numbness. [2] Stenosis can be caused by old age or an injury to the vertebral column and usually requires a CT scan or MRI to diagnose. [2] Performing a laminotomy can relieve pressure in the spinal canal caused by lumbar stenosis and therefore alleviate symptoms. [1]

  7. Vertebral artery dissection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection

    Vertebral artery dissection is one of the two types of cervical artery dissection.The other type, carotid artery dissection, involves the carotid arteries.Vertebral artery dissection is further classified as being either traumatic (caused by mechanical trauma to the neck) or spontaneous, and it may also be classified by the part of the artery involved: extracranial (the part outside the skull ...

  8. Watershed stroke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed_stroke

    The best supporting evidence is correlative; patients display subcortical abnormalities on CT scans and present more microembolic signals during a carotid endarterectomy. [11] Microemboli can be common in some high-risk patients, such as those with carotid stenosis. However, in healthier patients strokes do not usually result from microemboli. [11]

  9. Neurogenic claudication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic_claudication

    MRI of the lumbar spine showing spinal stenosis. Neurogenic claudication is one subtype of the clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). [9] No gold standard diagnostic criteria currently exist, but evaluation and diagnosis is generally based on the patient history, physical exam, and medical imaging. [1]

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