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As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as chattels (personal property) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. [23] Chattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the Roman Empire and classical Greece, where it was considered a keystone of society.
Masters could free slaves, and in many cases, such freedmen went on to rise to positions of power. This would include those children born into slavery, but who were actually the children of the master of the house. The slave master would ensure that his children were not condemned to a life of slavery. [citation needed]
[49] [f] Cicero (1st century BC) asserted that liberty “does not consist in having a just master (dominus), but in having none.” [51] The common Latin word for "slave" was servus, [g] but in Roman law, a slave as chattel was mancipium, [52] a grammatically neuter word [53] meaning something "taken in hand," manus, a metaphor for possession ...
The chattel slave is an individual deprived of liberty and forced to submit to an owner, who may buy, sell, or lease them like any other chattel. [5] The academic study of slavery in ancient Greece is beset by significant methodological problems. [6] Documentation is disjointed and very fragmented, focusing primarily on the city-state of Athens ...
The Yongzheng emancipation seeks to free all slaves to strengthen the autocratic ruler through a kind of social leveling that creates an undifferentiated class of free subjects under the throne. Although these new regulations freed the vast majority of slaves, wealthy families continued to use slave labor into the twentieth century. [56] 1732 ...
Under Islamic law, in "what might be called civil matters", a slave was "a chattel with no legal powers or rights whatsoever", states Lewis. A slave could not own or inherit property or enter into a contract. However, he was better off in terms of rights than Greek or Roman slaves. [128]
Slavery in the French Republic was abolished on 4 February 1794, including in its colonies. The lengthy Haitian Revolution by its slaves and free people of color established Haiti as a free republic in 1804 ruled by blacks, the first of its kind. [139] At the time of the revolution, Haiti was known as Saint-Domingue and was a colony of France ...
J. F Maxwell, 1975, Slavery and the Catholic Church: The history of Catholic teaching concerning the moral legitimacy of the institution of slavery, Barry-Rose Publishers Online text; Weithman, Paul J. (1992). "Augustine and Aquinas on Original Sin and the Function of Political Authority". Journal of the History of Philosophy. 30 (3): 353– 376.