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The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States.Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. . However, as the nation's boundaries grew across the continent and as Supreme Court justices in those days had to ride the circuit, an arduous process requiring long travel on horseback or carriage over harsh terrain that ...
The longest serving chief justice was John Marshall, with a tenure of 12,570 days (34 years, 152 days). John Rutledge, who served on the court twice, was both the shortest serving associate justice, with a tenure of 383 days (1 year, 18 days), and the shortest serving chief justice, with a tenure of 138 days (4 months 16
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 116 people have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 107 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's 36 years, 209 days to John Rutledge's 1 year, 18 days as associate justice and, separated by a period of years off the Court, his 138 days as chief justice.
The Jay Court era, under the leadership of John Jay, lasted from February 2, 1790, when the court held its inaugural session, [3] to June 29, 1795. [4] The Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of Supreme Court justices at six: one chief justice and five associate justices. [5]
They include neither Article I courts (e.g., Tax Court, Court of Federal Claims, bankruptcy courts) nor Article IV courts (territorial courts). This page measures length of service beginning with the date of their presidential appointment, either the date on which the president signed the judge's commission or (as noted) the date of an earlier ...
As the first president, George Washington appointed the entire federal judiciary. His record of eleven Supreme Court appointments still stands. Ronald Reagan appointed 383 federal judges, more than any other president. Following is a list indicating the number of Article III federal judicial appointments made by each president of the United ...
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Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge. [7] When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After ...