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There is a large variation in the mercury levels found in mackerel. These levels differ markedly for different species, and even for the same species in different locations; however, the strongest positive correlation seems to be connected to the species' size (the larger species being higher on the food chain). [ 10 ]
A trial conducted from September 2008 to February 2009 found that the fish increased blood iron levels in individuals for at least three months, but that continued use was found to have negligible long-term effects on blood iron levels. [10] The research spanned the late monsoon season and a dry season that began in December.
While it does contain more iron than many vegetables such as asparagus, Swiss chard, kale, or arugula, it contains only about one-third to one-fifth of the iron in lima beans, chickpeas, apricots, or wheat germ. Additionally, the non-heme iron found in spinach and other vegetables is not as readily absorbed as the heme iron found in meats and fish.
Seafood can be an excellent substitute for red meat, and oysters are particularly rich in iron. Slurp down four large mollusks of the mushroom variety and you’ll get 7.8 mg, per the USDA .
Most humans who lived at that time were foragers and their diets consisted largely of wild plants, fish, and game. Archaeologists studying dental plaque have found evidence of tubers, nuts, plantains, grasses and other foods rich in iron. Over many generations, the human body became well-adapted to a high level of iron content in the diet. [54]
Red meat is an obvious and effective way to boost iron levels, as it’s easily absorbed. A 4-ounce serving of ground beef , for example, packs 2.19 mg of iron, over 12% of the daily value.
Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is a key regulator of the entry of iron into the circulation in mammals. [6]During conditions in which the hepcidin level is abnormally high, such as inflammation, serum iron falls due to iron trapping within macrophages and liver cells and decreased gut iron absorption.
An analysis of data from more than 8,000 adults in the U.S. revealed that 14% had low iron blood levels, ... few red blood cells due to low levels of iron — in routine blood tests, people can ...