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  2. WM P88 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WM_P88

    Based on the experience gained with the P87, the new car for 1988 was built with the help of the French coachbuilder Heuliez, called WM P88, refining and lightening the previous car (the weight saving was 65 kg ), equipping it with new rear suspensions that allowed the use of larger Venturi tunnels and creating an engine with a larger ...

  3. Wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing

    A wing is a type of fin that produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies.

  4. Lift-to-drag ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio

    In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air. It describes the aerodynamic efficiency under given flight conditions. The L/D ratio for any given body will vary according to these flight conditions.

  5. Lift-induced drag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-induced_drag

    A wing of infinite span and uniform airfoil segment (or a 2D wing) would experience no induced drag. [11] The drag characteristics of a wing with infinite span can be simulated using an airfoil segment the width of a wind tunnel. [12] An increase in wingspan or a solution with a similar effect is one way to reduce induced drag.

  6. Closed wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_wing

    Nonplanar wings: results for the optimal aerodynamic efficiency ratio ε. The parameter ε is the optimal aerodynamic efficiency ratio [25] and represents the ratio between the aerodynamic efficiency of a given non-planar wing and the corresponding efficiency of a reference classical cantilevered wing with the same wing span and total lift ...

  7. Automotive aerodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics

    Automotive aerodynamics differs from aircraft aerodynamics in several ways: The characteristic shape of a road vehicle is much less streamlined compared to an aircraft. The vehicle operates very close to the ground, rather than in free air. The operating speeds are lower (and aerodynamic drag varies as the square of speed).

  8. Glossary of aerospace engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace...

    Aerodynamics – is the study of the motion of air, particularly with respect to its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing. Aerodynamics is a sub-field of gas dynamics, which in turn is a sub-field of fluid dynamics. Many aspects and principles of aerodynamics theory are common to these three fields.

  9. Oswald efficiency number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_efficiency_number

    For conventional fixed-wing aircraft with moderate aspect ratio and sweep, Oswald efficiency number with wing flaps retracted is typically between 0.7 and 0.85. At supersonic speeds, Oswald efficiency number decreases substantially. For example, at Mach 1.2 Oswald efficiency number is likely to be between 0.3 and 0.5. [1]