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Demographic dividend, as defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)". [1]
However a company may elect to retain a portion of its earnings to produce incremental earnings and/or dividend growth. If the value of both dividends and retained earnings are considered, and the return on equity is equal to the firm's discount rate, the company could be valued by the same function (refer to relationship I):
Growth in a PEP was free from capital gains tax within the fund and on encashment. [1] Income was free from income tax.When introduced in 1986, the fund was limited to £2,400 (annual allowance), [2] but later increased to two types of PEP: the "general PEP" with an annual allowance of £6,000 and the "single company PEP" with an annual allowance of £3,000.
The estimates also mark a stark contrast to the record low growth rate of 0.2% in 2021, a time when countries were restricting travel because of COVID-19, the U.S. Census Bureau said.
Suppose a stock costing $100 pays a 4% dividend, grows at a terminal rate of 6.5% and has a discount rate of 7.9%. The price/dividend first estimate of 25 years is easily calculated. If we assume an additional 33% duration to account for the discounted value of future dividend payments, that yields a duration of 33.3 years.
The population growth rate estimates (according to the United Nations Population Prospects 2019) between 2015 and 2020 [1] This article includes a table of countries and subnational areas by annual population growth rate.
PEP Dividend Yield Chart PEP Dividend Yield data by YCharts As you can see in the chart, Pepsi is trading at a discounted price-to-earnings ratio of 23.3 compared to its 10-year median P/E of 26.1.
Here's a company that prioritizes dividends for its shareholders.