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The integers arranged on a number line. An integer is the number zero , a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, . . .), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3, . . .). [1] The negations or additive inverses of the positive natural numbers are referred to as negative integers. [2]
Examples include e and π. Trigonometric number: Any number that is the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π. Quadratic surd: A root of a quadratic equation with rational coefficients. Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number.
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping ...
For example, the integers with the addition operation form an infinite group, which is generated by a single element called (these properties characterize the integers in a unique way). The concept of a group was elaborated for handling, in a unified way, many mathematical structures such as numbers, geometric shapes and polynomial roots .
For example, the integers Z form a commutative ring, but not a field: the reciprocal of an integer n is not itself an integer, unless n = ±1. In the hierarchy of algebraic structures fields can be characterized as the commutative rings R in which every nonzero element is a unit (which means every element is invertible).
Gaussian integers are complex numbers of the form α = u + vi, where u and v are ordinary integers and i is the square root of negative one. The units of Gaussian integers are ±1 and ±i. The ordinary integers are called the rational integers and denoted as ' Z '. The Gaussian integers are denoted as Z[i].
The 3-adic integers, with selected corresponding characters on their Pontryagin dual group. In number theory, given a prime number p, the p-adic numbers form an extension of the rational numbers which is distinct from the real numbers, though with some similar properties; p-adic numbers can be written in a form similar to (possibly infinite) decimals, but with digits based on a prime number p ...
The article is a table of Gaussian Integers x + iy followed either by an explicit factorization or followed by the label (p) if the integer is a Gaussian prime. The factorizations take the form of an optional unit multiplied by integer powers of Gaussian primes. Note that there are rational primes which are not Gaussian primes.