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DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it. [49]
Annotations in the Vilna Talmud. The image is the "original piece" or "text" and the yellow squares along with the text box are the annotations. Text annotation is the practice and the result of adding a note or gloss to a text, which may include highlights or underlining, comments, footnotes, tags, and links.
The annotations can be thought of as a layer on top of the existing resource, and this annotation layer is usually visible to other users who share the same annotation system. In such cases, the web annotation tool is a type of social software tool. For Web-based text annotation systems, see Text annotation.
Annotation projects often rely on previous annotations of an organism's genome; however, these older annotations may contain errors that can propagate to new annotations. As new genome analysis technologies are developed and richer databases become available, the annotation of some older genomes may be updated.
Annotated bibliographies contain two main sections; the bibliographic information section and the annotations section. Since the formats may slightly vary from one institution to another and amongst scholars and researchers depending on the regulations, courses and materials being annotated, it is imperative to ask for specific guidelines.
A gloss is a notation regarding the main text in a document. Shown is a parchment page from the Royal Library of Copenhagen. A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.
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The difficulty of ensuring that the entire corpus is completely and consistently annotated means that these corpora are usually smaller, containing around one to three million words. Other levels of linguistic structured analysis are possible, including annotations for morphology, semantics and pragmatics.