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Two major manufacturing routes exist for polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), i.e. an ester or an acid process, named according to whether the starting monomer is a diester or a diacid derivative, respectively. In both cases for PEN, the glycol monomer is ethylene glycol.
Dicarboxylic acids are used in the preparation of copolymers such as polyamides and polyesters. The most widely used dicarboxylic acid in the industry is adipic acid, which is a precursor in the production of nylon. Other examples of dicarboxylic acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid, two amino acids in the human body.
2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C 10 H 6 (CO 2 H) 2. This colorless solid is one of several isomers of naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. This colorless solid is one of several isomers of naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an organic chemical compound consisting of two carboxylic acid groups attached to a central furan ring. It was first reported as dehydromucic acid by Rudolph Fittig and Heinzelmann in 1876, who produced it via the action of concentrated hydrobromic acid upon mucic acid . [ 2 ]
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols. Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. [1]
One important class of condensation polymers are polyamides. [4] They arise from the reaction of carboxylic acid and an amine. Examples include nylons and proteins.When prepared from amino-carboxylic acids, e.g. amino acids, the stoichiometry of the polymerization includes co-formation of water:
pentanedioic acid: glutaric acid propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid n-pyrotartaric acid: HOOC(CH 2) 3 COOH 2-oxopentanedioic acid: α-ketoglutaric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid oxoglutaric acid: HOOC(CH 2) 2 COCOOH 3-oxopentanedioic acid: acetonedicarboxylic acid 3-oxoglutaric acid β-ketoglutaric acid 3-ketoglutaric acid: HOOCCH 2 ...
The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids can be carried out using a variety of reagents, but O 2 /air and nitric acid dominate as the oxidants on a commercial scale. Large scale oxidations of this type are used for the conversion of cyclohexanol alone or as a mixture with cyclohexanone to adipic acid. Similarly cyclododecanol is ...