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Tixier, Philippe and de Bon, Hubert; 2006. Ch. 11. "Urban Horticulture" in Cities Farming for the Future - Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities by René van Veenhuizen (Ed.), International Development Research Centre (Canada) Garden Culture, A magazine that focuses on growing food in an urban environment.
Botanical gardens in Philippines have collections consisting entirely of Philippines native and endemic species; most have a collection that include plants from around the world. There are botanical gardens and arboreta in many provinces, municipalities, and cities of Philippines, some administered by local governments and some are privately owned.
The Orangerie in the Gardens of Versailles with the Pièce d’eau des Suisses in the background (French formal garden) Reflection of the Bagh-e Narenjestan (orange garden) and the Khaneh Ghavam (Ghavam house) at Shiraz, Iran (Persian garden) Nishat Bagh, terrace garden at Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (Mughal Gardens) White Garden at Kensington Palace, a Dutch garden planted as a Color garden ...
For example, policies promoting urban tree canopy are not sympathetic to vegetable gardening because of the deep shade cast by trees. However, some municipalities like Portland, Oregon, and Davenport, Iowa are encouraging the implementation of fruit-bearing trees (as street trees or as park orchards) to meet both greening and food production goals.
The garden established by Governor Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero was one of a number of botanical gardens established in Asia by European colonial powers (for example, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden in 1787 and Bogor Botanical Gardens in 1817). Sebastián Vidal was the best known director of the garden.
The rise of urban gardening is closely tied to rapid urbanization, which has reduced the availability of arable land and increased reliance on long-distance food supply chains. This shift has led to renewed interest in growing food within cities, as seen in the development of community gardens and urban farms.
Urban agriculture can be defined shortly as the growing of plants and the raising of animals within and around cities. The most striking feature of urban agriculture, which distinguishes it from rural agriculture, is that it is integrated into the urban economic and ecological system: urban agriculture is embedded in -and interacting with- the urban ecosystem.
For example, the Sharing Backyards program intends to get people living in urban areas in contact with others who have extra space in their yards for agricultural purposes. Some organizations run public demonstrations in gardens to educate people in urban parts of Vancouver about growing food in an urban setting.