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The garden established by Governor Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero was one of a number of botanical gardens established in Asia by European colonial powers (for example, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden in 1787 and Bogor Botanical Gardens in 1817). Sebastián Vidal was the best known director of the garden.
Botanical gardens in Philippines have collections consisting entirely of Philippines native and endemic species; most have a collection that include plants from around the world. There are botanical gardens and arboreta in many provinces, municipalities, and cities of Philippines, some administered by local governments and some are privately owned.
Tixier, Philippe and de Bon, Hubert; 2006. Ch. 11. "Urban Horticulture" in Cities Farming for the Future - Urban Agriculture for Green and Productive Cities by René van Veenhuizen (Ed.), International Development Research Centre (Canada) Garden Culture, A magazine that focuses on growing food in an urban environment.
The rise of urban gardening is closely tied to rapid urbanization, which has reduced the availability of arable land and increased reliance on long-distance food supply chains. This shift has led to renewed interest in growing food within cities, as seen in the development of community gardens and urban farms.
Image Name Location Coordinates Size Ayala Triangle Gardens: Bel-Air, Makati [1: 2 ha (4.9 acres) Baywalk: Ermita and Malate, Manila: Makati Park and Garden: West Rembo, Makati: 3.5 ha (8.6 acres)
For example, policies promoting urban tree canopy are not sympathetic to vegetable gardening because of the deep shade cast by trees. However, some municipalities like Portland, Oregon, and Davenport, Iowa are encouraging the implementation of fruit-bearing trees (as street trees or as park orchards) to meet both greening and food production goals.
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When the Philippines gained independence in 1948, the nursery was turned over to the university by the U.S. government and the arboretum was established. The administration of the arboretum was officially transferred to the University of the Philippines Diliman from the Reforestation Administration of the Department of Agriculture in 1962. [2]