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PPCS is caused by an electrocautery-induced injury to the wall of the colon that occurs during removal of colon polyps. [3] PPCS occurs when the electric current extends beyond the mucosa, entering the muscularis propria and serosa, resulting in a full thickness (transmural) burn injury. [ 1 ]
Residual mucosal islands between ulcerated and denuded areas of mucosa may have a polypoid appearance and are referred to as pseudopolyps. [4] Polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis , could give rise to a similar appearance on imaging , although the clinical presentation would differ from that of inflammatory pseudopolyposis.
Solitary juvenile polyps most commonly occur in the rectum and present with rectal bleeding. The World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of juvenile polyposis syndrome are one of either: More than five juvenile polyps in the colon or rectum; or; Juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract; or
Typical polyp manifestation: Hundreds / thousands: Under 100 (0–470, typ. 30), sometimes flat rather than polypoid morphology, and more proximal to the splenic flexure. In a study of 120 individuals 37% (N=44) had <10 polyps; 3 of these 44 had colorectal cancer. [14] Gastric fundic polyps and duodenal adenomas are also seen.
Serrated polyposis syndrome often does not cause symptoms. The risk of colon cancer is between 25 and 40%. [8] Sessile serrated polyps, as seen during endoscopy or colonoscopy, are flat (rather than raised) and are easily overlooked. Serrated lesions range in size from small (<5 mm) to large, and often have a "mucous cap" overlying the polyp.
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare benign disease characterized by symptoms, clinical findings, and histological abnormalities. [9] Only 40% of patients have ulcers; 20% of patients have a single ulcer, and the remaining lesions range in size and form from broad-based polypoid to hyperemic mucosa. [10]
Colonic polypectomy is the removal of colorectal polyps in order to prevent them from turning cancerous.. Method of removing a polyp with a snare. Gastrointestinal polyps can be removed endoscopically through colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or surgically if the polyp is too large to be removed endoscopically.
The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a relatively rare condition characterized by multiple and/or large serrated polyps of the colon. Serrated polyps include SSLs, hyperplastic polyps, and traditional serrated adenomas. Diagnosis of this disease is made by the fulfillment of any of the World Health Organization's (WHO) clinical criteria. [4]